食用明膠的降解

食(shi)用(yong)明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)是(shi)一種(zhong)來源于動物膠(jiao)原的(de)(de)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)，是(shi)一種(zhong)復雜(za)的(de)(de)聚(ju)膚。從高(gao)分子多(duo)(duo)分散(san)性(xing)的(de)(de)角度來看，它不可能在(zai)生(sheng)產上各批成品(pin)質(zhi)量均勻一致。明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)溶液(ye)具(ju)有(you)一種(zhong)   的(de)(de)性(xing)質(zhi)，即凝膠(jiao)的(de)(de)熱可逆性(xing)；另(ling)一個特性(xing)即其熔(rong)點非(fei)常接近人的(de)(de)口腔溫度，所以明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)凍具(ju)有(you)優良的(de)(de)食(shi)用(yong)性(xing)能，在(zai)許多(duo)(duo)食(shi)品(pin)制造中廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)。

由(you)于明膠(jiao)具有   的(de)營(ying)養價值(zhi)并具有凝(ning)凍(dong)的(de)性能(neng)，因此被(bei)廣泛(fan)他(ta)應用(yong)在糖果制造工業巾。明膠(jiao)的(de)性能(neng)是(shi)由(you)各項(xiang)物理(li)化學指(zhi)標所決(jue)定，如(ru)pH值(zhi)、粘度、凍(dong)力，以及其他(ta)化合物的(de)含量(liang)等。此外(wai)，還和(he)明膠(jiao)原料、加工制造方法，以及明膠(jiao)加熱(re)溶解和(he)膠(jiao)凍(dong)形成(cheng)的(de)條(tiao)件等一系列(lie)的(de)因素有關。

食用(yong)(yong)明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)用(yong)(yong)于糖果(guo)工業中(zhong)，和其原料(liao)一(yi)樣，   遵照食品(pin)工業的有(you)關(guan)規(gui)定，在生產(chan)上(shang)嚴(yan)格(ge)選(xuan)料(liao)、嚴(yan)格(ge)操作，在使用(yong)(yong)上(shang)則(ze)通過明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的物(wu)理化(hua)學(xue)指標(biao)和細(xi)茵(yin)學(xue)的試(shi)驗(yan)來了解明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)內在品(pin)質(zhi)和特性，以便(bian)決定明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的具體用(yong)(yong)途。食用(yong)(yong)明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的日常測試(shi)項(xiang)目(mu)包括(kuo)：凍力、色澤、透明(ming)度、灰(hui)分、水(shui)分、起泡性能(neng)、微(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)金屬和二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)硫(liu)的含量(liang)(liang)(liang)、pH值、微(wei)生物(wu)學(xue)檢(jian)驗(yan)等。食用(yong)(yong)明(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)一(yi)般在工廠(chang)生產(chan)中(zhong)加以控(kong)制(zhi)，以用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)收到的產(chan)品(pin)的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)盡可能(neng)地達(da)到一(yi)致(zhi)。

明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)，沒有相(xiang)對固(gu)定的(de)結(jie)構跟相(xiang)對的(de)分子(zi)量，大部分為白(bai)色或者是淡(dan)黃色以(yi)(yi)及半透(tou)明(ming)(ming)微帶光澤的(de)薄片或者是粉粒，是一種無(wu)喚無(wu)味并(bing)且(qie)無(wu)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)揮發(fa)性質(zhi)的(de)透(tou)明(ming)(ming)堅(jian)硬的(de)非(fei)晶體物(wu)質(zhi)，在明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)中也(ye)可以(yi)(yi)對其提煉(lian)相(xiang)應的(de)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)跟工業明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)，小編   所給大家介紹的(de)就是有關于如(ru)何防止食(shi)用(yong)(yong)明(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)降解。

1.熱(re)降解：食用明膠(jiao)(jiao)溶(rong)液(ye)對溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)都較(jiao)為敏感，食用明膠(jiao)(jiao)溶(rong)液(ye)不在(zai)哪一個(ge)階(jie)段只(zhi)要溶(rong)液(ye)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)升(sheng)高，特別(bie)是(shi)其中(zhong)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)超過60攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)，食用明膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)凝膠(jiao)(jiao)強度(du)(du)(du)、粘度(du)(du)(du)等都會(hui)遭到不同(tong)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)破壞(huai)，所以食用明膠(jiao)(jiao)溶(rong)液(ye)在(zai)制備及使用過程(cheng)中(zhong)應(ying)盡(jin)可能地減少與熱(re)接觸的(de)(de)機會(hui)，食用明膠(jiao)(jiao)溶(rong)液(ye)做到隨用隨制。

2.酸(suan)以(yi)(yi)及堿對(dui)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)溶液(ye)的(de)(de)降(jiang)解(jie)：酸(suan)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)堿都(dou)會使得食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)溶液(ye)的(de)(de)凝膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)強度(du)以(yi)(yi)及粘(zhan)度(du)等嚴重的(de)(de)降(jiang)低。因此，食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)溶液(ye)在(zai)(zai)進行使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)過(guo)程當中應(ying)該避免酸(suan)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)堿對(dui)明(ming)(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)降(jiang)解(jie)，不(bu)要(yao)(yao)使得食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)含(han)有(you)個果汁或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)有(you)酸(suan)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)條件下進行溶解(jie)跟存放。實際上使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)方法是(shi)將食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)放在(zai)(zai)所有(you)配(pei)料的(de)(de)后加(jia)入(ru)(ru)，并且要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)較低的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)下加(jia)入(ru)(ru)。不(bu)要(yao)(yao)將食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)與糖(tang)(tang)漿(jiang)一起煮沸，將食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)加(jia)入(ru)(ru)糖(tang)(tang)漿(jiang)時   要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)糖(tang)(tang)漿(jiang)煮沸后冷(leng)卻到盡可能低的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)條件下加(jia)入(ru)(ru)。

3.對食(shi)(shi)用(yong)明膠(jiao)(jiao)溶(rong)液的(de)(de)(de)降解：食(shi)(shi)用(yong)明膠(jiao)(jiao)溶(rong)液或浸泡(pao)膨脹后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)明膠(jiao)(jiao)是良好的(de)(de)(de)培養基，如果(guo)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)明膠(jiao)(jiao)溶(rong)液中有存在，將會(hui)導致明膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)粘度、凝膠(jiao)(jiao)強度等的(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)。所(suo)以，使用(yong)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)明膠(jiao)(jiao)過程中要注意設備及環境的(de)(de)(de)衛生，防止(zhi)污染降解食(shi)(shi)用(yong)明膠(jiao)(jiao)。

4.堿(jian)法(fa)跟酸法(fa)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)明膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)不(bu)能(neng)混合使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：堿(jian)法(fa)制作的(de)(de)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)明膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)跟酸法(fa)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)明膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)不(bu)能(neng)夠(gou)摻和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，如果摻和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)將(jiang)會導致食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)明膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)渾(hun)濁，渾(hun)濁程(cheng)度取決于溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)ph值以(yi)及兩者的(de)(de)比例，渾(hun)濁的(de)(de)原(yuan)因是(shi)兩種食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)明膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)凝聚。單獨使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一種明膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)時，讓溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)ph值接近食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)明膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)電點(dian)時，溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)也會發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)渾(hun)濁，這(zhe)是(shi)等電點(dian)現(xian)象(xiang)，只要改(gai)變(bian)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)配合值，就能(neng)夠(gou)讓溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)回復透明澄清。